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Clinical and Immune Responses to Inactivated Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Vaccine in Children

Aug-14

Journal Article

Authors:

Kotloff, K.L.
Halasa, N.B.
Harrison, C.J.
Englund, J.A.
Walter, E.B.
King, J.C.
Creech, C.B.
Healy, S.A.
Dolor, R.J.
Stephens, I.
Edwards, K.M.
Noah, D.L.
Hill, H.
Wolff, M.

Secondary:
Pediatr Infect Dis J

Volume:
33

Pagination:
865-871

URL:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25222307

Keywords:
children; inactivated vaccines; infants; influenza vaccines/immunology; pandemic; vaccines - adverse effects

Abstract:
<p>BACKGROUND: As the influenza A H1N1 pandemic emerged in 2009, children were found to experience high morbidity and mortality and were prioritized for vaccination. This multicenter, randomized, double-blind, age-stratified trial assessed the safety and immunogenicity of inactivated influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 vaccine in healthy children aged 6 months to 17 years. METHODS: Children received 2 doses of approximately 15 or 30 microg hemagglutin antigen 21 days apart. Reactogenicity was assessed for 8 days after each dose, adverse events through day 42, and serious adverse events or new-onset chronic illnesses through day 201. Serum hemagglutination inhibition titers were measured on days 0 (prevaccination), 8, 21, 29 and 42. RESULTS: A total of 583 children received the first dose and 571 received the second dose of vaccine. Vaccinations were generally well-tolerated and no related serious adverse events were observed. The 15 microg dosage elicited a seroprotective hemagglutination inhibition (&gt;/= 1:40) in 20%, 47% and 93% of children in the 6-35 month, 3-9 year and 10-17 year age strata 21 days after dose 1 and in 78%, 82% and 98% of children 21 days after dose 2, respectively. The 30 microg vaccine dosage induced similar responses. CONCLUSIONS: The inactivated influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 vaccine exhibited a favorable safety profile at both dosage levels. While a single 15 or 30 microg dose induced seroprotective antibody responses in most children 10-17 years of age, younger children required 2 doses, even when receiving dosages 4- to 6-fold higher than recommended. Well-tolerated vaccines are needed that induce immunity after a single dose for use in young children during influenza pandemics.</p>

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